Research on multiple microwave frequencies hopping modulation and demodulation system for magnetic sensing based on NV centers in diamond

Journal Information

J. Hefei Univ. Tech. (Nat. Sci.), Nov.2025, Vol.48 No.11: 1472-1477

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5060.2025.11.006

Authors

CHENG Luheng $ ^{1} $, XU Nanyang $ ^{2,3} $, TIAN Yu $ ^{3} $

(1. School of Microelectronics, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230601, China; 2. College of Optical Science and Engineering, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310027, China; 3. Research Center for Quantum Sensing, Zhejiang Lab, Hangzhou 311000, China)

Abstract and Keywords

Abstract: The magnetic sensing system based on nitrogen-vacancy(NV) centers in diamond usually requires multiple microwave sources to work together to excite up to 24 different resonance frequencies due to the directionality of solid-state spin and ultra-fine splitting, resulting in complex systems and high costs. This paper presents a new multi-frequency hopping modulation and demodulation system, which is based on a single integrated microwave source using direct digital synthesis(DDS) technology. The ZYNQ-7010 chip is used as the core control device, and based on the basic architecture of field programmable gate array(FPGA) and ARM core, serial peripheral interface(SPI) communication protocol control is adopted to realize tracking of any number of resonance frequencies within the range of 2.5 GHz to 3.0 GHz, with no dead time and a trigger delay as low as about hundred nanoseconds during microwave frequency hopping. Finally, the system was applied to the NV ensemble experimental platform, combined with the spectrum obtained from optically detected magnetic resonance(ODM $ _{R} $) experiments, to achieve modulation of microwave signals and demodulation of fluorescence signals.

Keywords: field programmable gate array(FPGA); modulation and demodulation system; nitrogen-vacancy

作者信息

程路珩 $ ^{1} $，徐南阳 $ ^{2,3} $，田宇 $ ^{3} $

(1. 合肥工业大学微电子学院, 安徽合肥 230601; 2. 浙江大学光电科学与工程学院, 浙江杭州 310027; 3. 之江实验室量子传感研究中心, 浙江杭州 311000)

摘要和关键词

摘要: 金刚石氮空位(nitrogen-vacancy, NV)色心磁探测系统由于固态自旋的方向性以及超精细分裂,通常需要多台微波源协同工作来激发多达24个不同的共振频点,从而造成系统复杂、成本居高不下。基于此,文章设计一种全新的多频点跳频调制解调系统,基于直接数字频率合成技术(direct digital synthesis, DDS)的单个集成化微波源,以ZYNQ-7010芯片作为核心控制器件、现场可编程门阵列(field programmable gate array, FPGA)与ARM内核为基本架构,采用串行外设接口(serial peripheral interface, SPI)通信协议控制,实现对2.5~3.0 GHz频段内任意数目共振频点的跟踪,且微波跳频过程无死时间、延时低至约百纳秒量级。该系统实际运用于NV系综实验平台,结合光探测磁共振实验得到的频谱完成对微波信号的调制与荧光信号的解调。

关键词: 现场可编程门阵列（FPGA）；调制解调系统；金刚石氮空位色心；光探测磁共振

Funding

国家自然科学基金资助项目（92265114）

合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)

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