Experimental study on the influence of the length of ice cover in front of pier on local scour of bridge pier

Journal Information

J. Hefei Univ. Tech. (Nat. Sci.), Aug. 2026, Vol. 49 No. 8: 1098-1106

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5060.2026.08.014

Authors

WEI Song $ ^{1,2} $, DAI Qichao $ ^{1} $, WANG Xudong $ ^{1} $, LI Gen $ ^{1} $

(1. School of Civil and Hydraulic Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China; 2. Anhui Key Laboratory of Civil Engineering Structures and Materials, Hefei 230009, China)

Abstract and Keywords

Abstract: Rivers in cold areas often form ice cover or ice plug in winter, and the ice cover will change the hydraulic boundary conditions of rivers and adversely affect the safety of river bridges. The development of ice cover has a great impact on the local scour of the bridge pier foundation, but there are few studies at present. The model of the pier and ice cover was constructed in the indoor water tank, and the hydraulic test was carried out under the condition of a certain forward velocity considering the length of the ice cover in front of the pier. The morphological characteristics such as the depth and width of the scour pit and the horizontal flow velocity of some monitoring points around the pier were measured, and the influence of the length of the ice cover in front of the pier on the local scour of the pier was analyzed. The results show that, compared with the condition without ice cover, the existence and length of the ice cover will accelerate the local scour process and intensify the scour degree of the pier foundation, and the depth of the pit and the height of the sand dune behind the pier will increase in the equilibrium state of scouring correspondingly. As the length of the ice cover reaches a certain limit value, the degree of scouring is gradually weakened, and the indicators will tend to stabilize; the longitudinal horizontal velocity of the water flow under the ice cover is distributed in the "o" pattern of small upper and lower layers and large middle layers. The flow velocity gradient and Reynolds shear stress values of the lower water flow in front of the pier are correlated with the equilibrium. scour depth, and the change in flow velocity gradient and Reynolds shear stress in the lower water flow in front of the pier caused by the presence of the ice cover should be the main reason for the change in the degree of local scour.

Keywords: length of ice cover; local scour; flow velocity distribution pattern; flow velocity gradient; Reynolds shear stress

作者信息

魏松 $ ^{1,2} $，戴齐超 $ ^{1} $，汪旭东 $ ^{1} $，李根 $ ^{1} $

(1. 合肥工业大学土木与水利工程学院，安徽合肥 230009；2. 土木工程结构与材料安徽省重点实验室，安徽合肥 230009)

摘要和关键词

摘要: 寒冷地区的河流冬季常形成冰盖或冰塞,冰盖将改变河流水力边界条件并对河道桥梁安全造成不利影响,冰覆盖的发育对桥墩基础局部冲刷影响较大但目前研究较少。文章在室内水槽构建桥墩、冰盖模型,并考虑墩前冰盖长度因素,在一定行进流速条件下进行水力试验,测量冲刷坑深度、宽度等形态特征和墩周部分监测点的水平流速,分析墩前冰盖长度对桥墩局部冲刷的影响。结果表明:较无冰盖条件,冰盖的存在及其长度的增加将使桥墩基础局部冲刷进程加快、冲刷程度加剧,对应冲刷平衡状态下的冲坑深度、墩后沙丘高度等增加;随着冰盖长度达到某一限值后,冲刷程度逐渐减弱,各指标会趋于稳定;冰盖下水流纵向水平流速呈上、下层小、中部大的“0”型分布;墩前下层水流的流速梯度、雷诺切应力值与平衡冲刷深度存在一定相关性,冰盖的存在造成墩前下层水流流速梯度和雷诺切应力的改变是造成局部冲刷程度改变的主要原因。

关键词: 冰盖长度；局部冲刷；流速分布形态；流速梯度；雷诺切应力

Funding

国家重点研发计划资助项目（2022YFC3202502）；安徽省自然科学基金资助项目（2308085US07）

合肥工业大学学报(自然科学版)

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