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Design and experimental analysis of a vacuum recovery device for harmful gases in paint spraying

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油漆喷涂有害气体真空回收罩设计与试验分析

Journal Information

J. Hefei Univ. Tech. (Nat. Sci.), Jun. 2026, Vol. 49 No. 6: 729-738

DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1003-5060.2026.06.002

Authors

GONG Weibing $ ^{1} $, WENG Hailong $ ^{1} $, WEI Zhichao $ ^{2} $, CHEN Zhengwen $ ^{2} $, YU Zhenhua $ ^{3} $ (1. COSCO Shipping Heavy Industry

(Zhoushan) Co., Ltd., Zhoushan 316131, China; 2. General Machinery Key and Core Basic Components Innovation Center (Anhui) Co., Ltd., Hefei 230031, China; 3. School of Mechanical Engineering, Hefei University of Technology, Hefei 230009, China)

Abstract and Keywords

Abstract: In response to the problems of high toxicity, strong diffusion, and incomplete recovery function of volatile pollutants generated during ship spraying operations, this paper studies a vacuum recovery device with a double-layer recovery hood. The device includes a key vacuum pipeline for recovering paint mist, which utilizes negative pressure to recover toxic paint mist particles in a suitable area without damaging the shape of the jet. Theoretical calculations were conducted on the motion and force of paint mist particles, and a preliminary design was carried out for the structure of the double-layer recovery hood, as well as the selection of a suitable fan. The deformable parts model (DPM) algorithm in computational fluid dynamics (CFD) numerical simulation was used to simulate the motion of paint mist particles in a vacuum environment. Through numerical simulation calculations, it is determined that the optimal design scheme is a double-layer recovery hood with an axial length of ___. 500 mm and a vacuum pipeline to spray surface of 100 mm. The simulation results also indicate that different control variables, such as paint mist particle diameter, spray angle, spray velocity, and vacuum pipeline pumping speed, all have an impact on paint mist particle recovery. Increasing the spray angle, spray velocity, and vacuum pipeline pumping speed can achieve better recovery results. A spray angle of around $ 65^{\circ} $ is the optimal value. The vacuum recovery method can remove the vast majority of paint mist particles larger than 0.01 mm. Paint mist particles shatter after collision. The quadratic random fragmentation model was used to simulate the fragmentation of paint mist particles, and it was found that a large amount of mist was generated after the fragmentation of paint mist particles. The fan airflow could be appropriately increased to quickly remove it. Finally, the optimization results of the simulation calculation were verified through experiments, and the simulated values agreed well with the experimental data. This study can serve as a reference for the subsequent optimization design of paint mist recovery devices.

Keywords: paint spraying; vacuum recovery device; design; gas volatiles

作者信息

龚伟兵 $ ^{1} $，翁海龙 $ ^{1} $，韦志超 $ ^{2} $，陈正文 $ ^{2} $，于振华 $ ^{3} $

（1.舟山中远海运重工有限公司，浙江舟山 316131；2.通用机械关键核心基础件创新中心（安徽）有限公司，安徽合肥 230031；3.合肥工业大学机械工程学院，安徽合肥 230009）

摘要和关键词

摘要: 针对船体喷涂作业中产生污染气体挥发物毒性大、扩散性强、回收功能不完善等问题,文章研究设计了一种双层回收罩的真空回收装置。该装置包含一个关键的真空管道回收漆雾结构,利用负压在合适区域内不破坏喷射射流的形状下回收有毒漆雾粒子。对漆雾粒子的运动和受力进行理论计算,并对双层回收罩的结构进行初步设计,选择了合适的风机。利用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD)数值模拟中的可变形部件模型(deformable parts model, DPM)算法来模拟漆雾粒子在真空环境中的运动。通过数值模拟计算,确定双层回收罩轴向长度500 mm和真空管道到喷涂表面100 mm为最佳设计方案。结果表明:不同的控制变量(如漆雾粒子直径、漆雾粒子喷射角度、漆雾粒子喷射速度及真空管道抽气速度等)对漆雾粒子回收产生影响;增加喷射角度、喷射速度及真空管道抽气速度可以达到较好回收效果,喷射角度的最优值为65°左右;采用真空回收方法可将大部分0.01 mm以上的漆雾粒子抽除,漆雾粒子在碰撞后发生破碎。采用二次随机破碎模型来模拟漆雾粒子的破碎过程,发现漆雾粒子破碎后产生大量的薄雾,可适当增加风机风量来快速抽除。最后通过试验验证了仿真模拟计算的优化结果,模拟计算值和试验数据总体吻合度较好。该研究结果可为漆雾回收装置的后续优化设计提供依据和参考。

关键词: 油漆喷涂；真空回收装置；设计；气体挥发物

Funding

中央引导地方科技发展资金资助项目（2023ZY1034）；中远海运重工科研资助项目（KY24ZG09-01S）

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