Abstract: To reveal the nitrogen and phosphorus retention characteristics of biofilms in small and micro rivers, in situ cultivation observation experiments were conducted to study the absorption effects of ammonia nitrogen $ (\mathrm{NH}_{4}^{+}-\mathrm{N}) $, nitrate nitrogen $ (\mathrm{NO}_{3}^{-}-\mathrm{N}) $, and phosphate $ (\mathrm{PO}_{4}^{3-}-\mathrm{P}) $ in biofilms under environmental background concentration, double background concentration, and quadruple background concentration. The correlation between the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption rate of biofilms in small and micro rivers and environmental impact factors was analyzed. The research results proved the effectiveness of biofilm nitrogen and phosphorus retention in small and micro rivers, quantitatively characterized the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption rate of biofilms in small and micro rivers and its response to nitrogen and phosphorus enrichment level. Correlation analysis showed that the nitrogen and phosphorus absorption rate of biofilms in small and micro rivers was significantly correlated with temperature, pH value, electrical conductivity, and solar reflectance index (SRI). However, with the increase of nutrient enrichment level, the correlation generally showed a downward trend.
Keywords: periphyton biofilms; nitrogen and phosphorus retention; nitrogen and phosphorus absorption rate; small and micro rivers; regulation
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