基于相变微胶囊悬浮液的电池液冷性能实验研究

文章搭建了电池液冷散热系统实验平台，分别采用纯水、相变微胶囊悬浮液（microencapsulated phase change material suspension, MEPCMS)及单组分/双组分四氧化三铁纳米强化MEPCMS作为冷却液，在不同入口流量及悬浮液质量分数下，冷却液对模拟电池的冷却效果进行对比分析。结果表明：质量分数为$20\%$ 的相变微胶囊悬浮液相比纯水冷却效果更好，将2.0C放电倍率下电池温度降低 $8.34\%$ ；相变微胶囊悬浮液的温降性能随入口流量和质量分数的增大而增大，对电池降温效果最佳的质量分数和入口流量进行匹配时，需保持流动时内部相变材料始终处于融化状态。此外，经纳米颗粒强化后的悬浮液冷却效果更佳，综合考虑电池平均温度和流动压降2个参数指标，发现壳体内添加纳米颗粒的单组分悬浮液是一种更为合适的汽车电池散热冷却介质。

This paper builds an experimental platform for battery liquid-cooled plate heat dissipation system. Pure water, microencapsulated phase change material suspension (MEPCMS) and one-component/two-component$\mathrm{Fe}_3\mathrm{O}_4$ nanoparticle-reinforced MEPCMS were used as cooling fluids, respectively. Comparative analysis of the cooling effect of coolants on simulated batteries at different inlet flow rates and suspension mass fractions was conducted. The results show that MEPCMS with a mass fraction of $20\%$ is more effective in cooling compared to pure water, reducing the battery temperature by $8.34\%$ at $2.0\mathrm{C}$ discharge multiplier. The temperature drop performance of MEPCMS increases with increasing inlet flow rate and mass fraction. Matching the mass fraction and inlet flow rate for optimal battery cooling requires that the internal phase change material is always in a molten state during flow. In addition, the nanoparticle-enhanced suspension is cooled more effectively. Considering the two parameter indicators of average battery temperature and flow pressure drop, the one-component suspension with nanoparticles added in the shell is a more suitable cooling medium for heat dissipation in automotive batteries.