基于养分平衡模型的安徽省畜禽养殖业土地承载力研究

为探究安徽省畜禽养殖业现状,防治农业面源污染,加强畜禽粪污资源化利用,文章采用养分平衡模型测度安徽省2017—2021年畜禽粪污氮磷养分供给量和农作物粪污氮磷养分需求量,分析安徽省各地市畜禽养殖土地承载力时空差异特征以及环境污染风险。结果表明:安徽省畜禽粪污氮磷养分供给量主要集中在北部的阜阳、蚌埠、宿州以及亳州市,4市占全省排放总量的54%左右;农作物粪污氮磷养分需求量分布与其有相同规律。整体上全省畜禽养殖业未超载,土地承载力指数为0.50左右,但是个别地区养殖压力较大,如安庆、池州、黄山和宣城市土地承载力指数均在0.70以上,具有较高的环境污染风险。因此各区域可按照自身实际情况调整粪肥施用比例、合理布局畜禽养殖区域,及时做好环境污染风险较高区域的畜禽养殖总量控制,推动种养平衡发展。

In order to explore the current situation of livestock and poultry breeding industry in Anhui Province, prevent and control agricultural non-point source pollution, strengthen the resource utilization of livestock and poultry manure, the nutrient balance model was used to measure the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient supply of livestock and poultry manure and the nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient demand of crop manure in Anhui Province from 2017 to 2021, and the spatio-temporal difference characteristics of land carrying capacity of livestock and poultry breeding and environmental pollution risks in various cities in Anhui Province were analyzed. The results show that the supply of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients from livestock and poultry manure in Anhui Province is mainly concentrated in Fuyang, Bengbu, Suzhou and Bozhou in the north, which accounts for about 54% of the total emissions in the province. The distribution of nitrogen and phosphorus nutrient demand of crop manure has the same pattern. As a whole, the livestock and poultry breeding industry in the province is not overloaded, and the land carrying capacity index is about 0.50. However, the breeding pressure in some regions is relatively large. For example, the land carrying capacity index of Anqing, Chizhou, Huangshan and Xuancheng is above 0.70, which has a high risk of environmental pollution. Therefore, each region should adjust the proportion of manure application and rationally plan livestock and poultry breeding areas according to its actual situations, timely control the total amount of livestock and poultry. breeding in areas with high environmental pollution risk, and promote the balanced development between farming and breeding.