三棱多糖 RSB-4 结构表征及抗炎活性研究

三棱是一种常见的草本植物,用作中药具有破血行气、消积止痛等功效。文章采用热水提取法从三棱根茎中提取出多糖RSB,再通过DEAE-Cellulose阴离子交换层析柱进一步分离纯化得到三棱多糖RSB-4;并对RSB-4结构进行表征,结果表明,三棱多糖RSB-4的平均分子量大小为 $ 9.32\times10^{5} $ Da,单糖主要由葡萄糖组成,是一种葡聚糖。结合甲基化和核磁共振谱(nuclear magnetic resonance, NMR)分析结果可知,三棱多糖RSB-4的主链由 $ (1\rightarrow3) $- $ \alpha $-D-Glcp组成,在 $ (1\rightarrow3) $- $ \alpha $-D-Glcp的O-6位连有支链T- $ \beta $-D-Glcp和 $ (1\rightarrow6) $- $ \alpha $-D-Glcp。免疫活性研究结果表明,三棱多糖RSB-4显著提高了巨噬细胞RAW264.7的增殖活性并促进NO的释放。研究结果为三棱多糖在功能性食品、抗炎药物上的开发和应用提供了理论基础。

Sparganium stoloniferum is a common herb, which has the effects of promoting blood circulation and relieving pain in traditional Chinese medicine. In this paper, polysaccharide RSB was obtained by hot water extraction from the rootstock of Sparganium stoloniferum. Then, polysaccharide RSB-4 was further purified by DEAE-Cellulose anion exchange chromatography. The structural characterization of RSB-4 was analyzed. The results showed that average molecular weight of polysaccharide RSB-4 was $ 9.32 \times 10^{5} $ Da, and monosaccharides consist mainly of glucose, which showed that RSB-4 is a type of glucan. Combined the results of methylation with nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis, the main chain of RSB-4 consisted of $ (1\rightarrow3) $- $ \alpha $-D-Glcp, with branched T- $ \beta $-D-Glcp and $ (1\rightarrow6) $- $ \alpha $-D-Glcp attached to the O-6 position of $ (1\rightarrow3) $- $ \alpha $-D-Glcp. Anti-inflammatory activity studies showed that polysaccharide RSB-4 significantly increased the proliferative activity of macrophage RAW264.7 and promoted the release of NO. The results provide a theoretical basis for the development and application of Sparganium stoloniferum polysaccharides in functional foods and anti-inflammatory drugs.