基于响应面法的铝合金角接激光焊工艺优化

文章选用板材厚度为 2 mm 的 5754 铝合金, 采用角接的搭接形式, 开展激光熔焊焊接试验。以激光功率 P、焊接速度 v、离焦量 Z 为试验参数, 以焊接接头的最大拉力 F 为响应指标, 建立响应面分析的数学模型。研究结果表明: 激光功率、焊接速度、离焦量对最大拉力均有明显影响。激光功率越大、焊接速度和离焦量越小, 最大拉力越大。分析所建立的数学模型, 确定较优工艺区间, 结合焊缝成形的宏观形貌, 获取最优工艺参数组合。最大拉力相比于试验组中的最优组提升 5.55%。

In this paper, 5754 aluminum alloy with a plate thickness of 2 mm was selected, and by using fillet joint as the lap joint form, the laser fusion welding test was carried out. Taking the laser power P, welding speed v, and defocus Z as the experimental parameters, and the maximum tensile strength F of the welded joint as the response index, a mathematical model for response surface analysis was established. The results show that the laser power, welding speed, and defocus have obvious effects on the maximum tensile strength. The greater the laser power, the smaller the welding speed and defocus, the greater the maximum tensile strength. The established mathematical model was analyzed to determine the optimal process range, and combined with the macroscopic appearance of weld formation, the optimal process parameters were obtained. Compared with the optimal group in the test group, the maximum tensile strength was increased by 5.55%.