车载 PEMFC 空气供给系统 OER 控制研究

过氧比(oxygen excess ratio, OER)是质子交换膜燃料电池(proton exchange membrane fuel cell, PEMFC)输出性能及安全性的重要影响参数, 控制 OER 达到最优值可有效提高系统输出的净功率。针对 PEMFC 空气供给系统 OER 控制问题, 文章利用 MATLAB/Simulink 平台建立 PEMFC 空气供给系统四阶模型, 并进行系统动力学特性分析, 验证模型有效性; 设计 3 种控制器对 OER 进行控制, 包括前馈比例-积分-微分(feedforward proportion integration differentiation, FF+PID)控制器、前馈自适应模糊 PID(feedforward self-adaptive fuzzy PID, FF+SFPID)控制器及滑模控制器(sliding mode controller, SMC)。在输入扰动的情况下, 对比分析了定 OER 及最优 OER 下不同控制器的控制效果。仿真结果表明, SMC 对于 OER 的控制具有更短的调节时间且未出现超调现象, 抗干扰能力更强, 在动态特性和稳态特性上均优于其他 2 种控制器。

Oxygen excess ratio (OER) is an important parameter that affects the output performance and safety of proton exchange membrane fuel cell (PEMFC). Controlling the OER to reach the optimal value can effectively improve the net power output of the system. To address the issue of OER control of PEMFC air supply system, a four-order model of PEMFC air supply system is established using MATLAB/Simulink platform, and the system dynamics characteristics are analyzed to verify the effectiveness of the model. Three controllers are designed to control OER, including feedforward proportion integration differentiation (FF+PID) controller, feedforward self-adaptive fuzzy PID (FF+SF-PID) controller and sliding mode controller (SMC). In the case of input disturbance, the control effects of different controllers under fixed OER and optimal OER are compared and analyzed. The simulation results show that the SMC has shorter adjustment time and no overshoot for the control of OER, and has stronger anti-interference ability. SMC is superior to the other two controllers in dynamic and steady-state characteristics.