氮磷比对铜钱草浮床处理富营养化水体的影响

文章选取铜钱草为浮床植物, 以富营养化水体为处理对象, 探究不同氮磷比对植物生长情况和水体中各污染指标净化效果的影响。试验结果表明: 氮磷比为 15.96 时, 铜钱草生长最茂盛, 质量增加 45%, 叶绿素 a 质量浓度较低, 电导率略有下降, 对 $ NH_{4}^{+}-N, NO_{2}^{-}-N $ 和 $ NO_{3}^{-}-N $ 状态下氮的去除能力较强; 氮磷比分别为 15.96、24.17 时总磷 (total phosphorus, TP) 质量浓度下降速率较快, 降解率分别为 96.45%、97.88%, 且铜钱草植物组总有机碳 (total organic carbon, TOC) 降解情况基本均高于对照组。高通量测序结果表明, 氮磷比为 15.96、24.17 的样本富集共同微生物菌属 Novosphingobium、Mucilaginibacter、Simplicispira、Sideroxydans 和 Limnobacter, 其相对丰度较高, 相似性较强, 说明氮磷比影响优势菌属的菌群丰度。

This paper selected Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. as the floating bed plants and the eutrophic water body as treatment subject to explore the impact of different nitrogen to phosphorus ratios on plant growth and pollution index purifying effect in the water body. The experiments showed that when the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio was 15.96, the Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. grew most luxuriantly, gained 45% of weight, had lower Chl-a concentration and slightly decreased conductivity, and had better nitrogen removal ability in $ NH_{4}^{+}-N $, $ NO_{2}^{-}-N $ and $ NO_{3}^{-}-N $ state. The total phosphorus (TP) concentration decreased faster at the nitrogen to phosphorus ratios of 15.96 and 24.17, the degradation rates were 96.45% and 97.88%, respectively, and the degradation of total organic carbon (TOC) in the Hydrocotyle vulgaris L. plant group was basically higher than that in the control group. High-throughput sequencing showed that the samples with the nitrogen to phosphorus ratios of 15.96 and 24.17 were enriched in common microbial genera Novosphingobium, Mucilaginibacter, Simplicispira, Sideroxydans and Limnobacter, with higher relative abundance and similarity, showing that the nitrogen to phosphorus ratio influenced the abundance of the dominant genera.