新型粉罐车流化床气室和气道结构参数研究与结构优化

流化床是应用于工业粉料运输行业的关键结构, 传统粉罐车采用布袋结构形式的流化床, 入口处气阻较小导致布袋末端成为流化死角, 使得粉料剩余量较多。文章设计一种新型粉罐车流化床结构, 基于田口算法对流化床气室和气道的结构参数分别设计 16 种试验方案, 并各自建立其因素水平的正交试验, 借助计算流体力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 对所有试验方案进行数值模拟, 将得到的速度分布均匀性 $ (v_{0}, v_{u}^{\prime}) $ 作为响应, 通过田口算法和多元回归方法对响应进行分析。结果表明: 对于气室部分, 隔板间隙 $ \delta(\Delta_{1}=11.67, r=1) $ 对信噪比的效应最大, 分隔比 $ K(\Delta_{1}=6.07, r=2) $ 对信噪比的效应次之, 气室容量 $ V(\Delta_{1}=3.58, r=3) $ 对信噪比的效应最小; 对于气道部分, 气道弧长 $ L(\Delta_{1}=6.41, r=1) $ 对信噪比的效应较大, 气道高度 $ H(\Delta_{1}=1.68, r=2) $ 对信噪比的效应较小; 确定了理论流化效果最好的气室结构参数组合为 $ V=0.15 \, m^{3}, K=0.5, \delta=3 \, mm $, 气道结构参数组合为 $ L=180 \, mm, H=17 \, mm $。多元回归分析验证了多因素耦合作用下流化床流体速度分布均匀性预测关联式的误差较小。

Fluidized bed is a key structure used in industrial powder transportation. The traditional powder tank truck is a fluidized bed in the form of fabric bag structure. The small air resistance at the entrance leads to the fluidized dead angle at the end of the fabric bag, which makes the powder surplus increase. In this paper, a new type of fluidized bed structure of powder tank truck was designed. Based on Taguchi algorithm, 16 test schemes were designed for the structural parameters of the chamber and airway of the fluidized bed, and the orthogonal tests were established respectively for their factor levels. Numerical simulation of all schemes was carried out with the help of computational fluid dynamics (CFD), and the velocity distribution uniformity $ (v_{u}, v_{u}' $ obtained was taken as the response. The response was analyzed by Taguchi algorithm and multiple regression method. The results show that as for the chamber, the partition gap $ \delta $ ( $ \Delta_{1}=11.67 $, r=1) has the largest effect on the signal-to-noise ratio (SNR), followed by the partition ratio $ K(\Delta_{1}=6.07 $, r=2) and the chamber capacity $ V(\Delta_{1}=3.58 $, r=3). As for the airway, the airway arc length $ L(\Delta_{1}=6.41 $, r=1) has a greater effect on the SNR, while the airway height $ H(\Delta_{1}=1.68 $, r=2) has a smaller effect on the SNR. The best