叉车发动机舱散热性能分析及结构优化

文章以某型号叉车发动机舱的散热特性为研究对象, 建立叉车发动机舱的实体模型, 利用计算流体动力学(computational fluid dynamics, CFD) 方法分析舱内热流场的分布规律; 基于数值计算结果, 对散热器导风罩和聚风罩结构以及风扇的安装位置进行调整, 以改善叉车发动机舱内的气流组织, 减小散热器热回流, 提高散热器风量、进出水温差及散热量; 提出一种组合优化策略, 在维持液压油、传动油散热器正常工作情况下提高水散热器性能参数, 使得水散热器进风量增加 4.4%, 冷却水进出口温差增加 10.3%, 散热量增加 9.0%。

To investigate the heat dissipation characteristics of a forklift engine compartment, the solid model of forklift engine compartment is established, and the distribution law of heat flow field in the compartment is analyzed by computational fluid dynamics (CFD). Based on the numerical calculation results, the structure of the radiator wind guide cover and wind collecting cover and the installation position of the fan are adjusted, which improves the air distribution in the engine compartment of the forklift, reduces the heat reflux of the radiator, and improves the air volume, inlet and outlet water temperature difference and heat dissipation of the radiator. A combined optimization strategy is proposed. Under the condition of maintaining the normal operation of hydraulic oil and transmission oil radiator, the performance parameters of water radiator are improved, so that the air inlet volume of water radiator is increased by 4.4%, the temperature difference between inlet and outlet of cooling water is increased by 10.3%, and the heat dissipation is increased by 9.0%.