锑矿区修复的不同植被类型植物多样性及生物量特征

生物多样性和生物量指标是衡量矿山植被恢复力的重要指标之一，可探究矿区植被的恢复效果，为矿区的修复提供数据参考。文章对冷水江锑矿区的8年生人工林大叶女贞、8年生人工林楸树和自然恢复植被（对照）3种不同植被类型进行比较研究，分析不同植被类型的群落组成、多样性和生物量特征，从而阐明3种植被在改善重金属污染区生态环境的效果。结果表明：植物群落共统计14科23属23种，优势科包括木犀科、紫葳科、禾本科和菊科；大叶女贞林植物群落7科11属11种，楸树林植物群落5科8属8种，自然恢复植被林8科13属13种；3种植被类型中，乔木层和灌木层植物物种单一，草本层物种主要以禾本科和菊科植物为主，草本层植物物种差异性显著，且物种数从高到低依次为自然恢复植被、大叶女贞林、楸树林；不同植被类型的林下草本植物物种多样性存在显著差异，且自然恢复植被相较于另2种人工林植被的物种多样性更丰富，物种多样性同样表现为自然恢复植被高于大叶女贞林高于楸树林。

Biodiversity and biomass are the important indicators to measure the vegetation resilience in mines, which can explore the restoration effect of vegetation and provide data reference for the restoration of mining areas. This paper conducted a comparative study of three different types of vegetation in the Lengshuijiang antimony mining area, including eight-year-old Ligustrum compactum plantation, eight-year-old Catalpa bungei plantation and naturally restored vegetation(control). The community composition and diversity and biomass characteristics of the understory vegetation were analyzed to clarify the effect of the three vegetation types on the improvement of the ecological environment in heavy metal polluted areas. The results show that a total of 23 species and 23 genera in 14 families are counted in the plant community, with the dominant families including Oleaceae, Bignoniaceae, Gramineae and Asteraceae. Among them, there are 7 families, 11 genera and 11 species in the plant community in the Ligustrum compactum area, 5 families, 8 genera and 8 species in the Catalpa bungei plantation.